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Snowdonia
Snowdonia ((ウェールズ語:Eryri)) is a region in north Wales and a national park of in area. It was the first to be designated of the three national parks in Wales, in 1951.
==Name and extent==
The English name for the area derives from Snowdon, which is the highest mountain in Wales at 3,560 ft (1,085 m). In Welsh, the area is named ''Eryri''. A commonly held belief is that the name is derived from ''eryr'' ("eagle"), and thus means 'the abode/land of eagles',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Snowdon Mountain Railway Climb Mount Snowdon by Train – Snowdon Mountain Railway )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Snowdon Wales' Highest Mountain )〕 but recent evidence is that it means quite simply ''Highlands'', and is derived from the Latin oriri (to rise)〔''Celtic Culture'',2006, ed. by John T. Koch, p.719〕 as leading Welsh scholar Sir Ifor Williams proved.〔Ifor Williams, ''Enwau Lleoedd'' (Liverpool, 1945), p. 18. Compare the late professor's article in ''Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies'', vol. iv, pp. 137–41. The plural of Welsh ''eryr'' (eagle) is ''eryrod'' or ''eryron'', with no example of a form ''eryri'' being attested. A second word ''eryr'', plural ''eryri'', means "shingles" in modern Welsh; in the old Welsh place name this suggests uneven or upraised ground, a land of hills; "the uplands" or "highlands"〕 In the Middle Ages the title ''Prince of Wales and Lord of Snowdonia'' (''Tywysog Cymru ac Arglwydd Eryri'') was used by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd; his grandfather Llywelyn Fawr used the title ''Prince of north Wales and Lord of Snowdonia.
Before the boundaries of the national park were designated, "Snowdonia" was generally used to refer to a smaller area, namely the upland area of northern Gwynedd centred on the Snowdon massif, whereas the national park covers an area more than twice that size extending far to the south into Meirionnydd. This is apparent in books published prior to 1951, such as the classic travelogue ''Wild Wales'' by George Borrow (1862) and ''The Mountains of Snowdonia'' by H. Carr & G. Lister (1925). F. J. North, as editor of the book ''Snowdonia'' (1949), states "When the Committee delineated provisional boundaries, they included areas some distance beyond Snowdonia proper." The traditional Snowdonia thus includes the ranges of Snowdon and its satellites, the Glyderau, the Carneddau and the Moel Siabod group. It does not include the hills to the south of Maentwrog. As ''Eryri'' (see above), this area has a unique place in Welsh history, tradition and culture.
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