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Sanation
The Sanation ((ポーランド語:Sanacja), ) was a Polish political movement created in the interwar period by a cadre of prominent activist from the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government. Sanacja came to power in the final decade of the Second Polish Republic, as a result of Józef Piłsudski's 1926 May Coup d'État. The movement took its name from his watchword signifying the moral "sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic. It existed from 1928 until Piłsudski's death in 1935. The Bloc broke up into several factions including "the Castle" ahead of the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939.〔"''Sanacja''," ''Encyklopedia Polski'', p. 601.〕〔The Polish word "''sanacja''" is defined identically as "ł(): ''uzdrowienie''" ("''L()'': healing") in ''Słownik wyrazów obcych'' (Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), New York, Polish Book Importing Co., 1918 (8 years before Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État''), p. 701; and in ''M. Arcta słownik wyrazów obcych'' (Michał Arct's Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), Warsaw, Wydawnictwo S. Arcta, 1947, p. 313. ''Słownik wyrazów obcych PWN'' (PWN Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1971, p. 665, defines the expression as follows: "''sanacja <łac. ''sanatio'' = uzdrowienie>'' (sanation, from Lat() ''sanatio'' = healing) ''1. w Polsce międzywojennej — obóz Józefa Piłsudskiego, który pod hasłem uzdrowienia stosunków politycznych i życia publicznego dokonał przewrotu wojskowego w maju 1926 r....'' (1. in interwar Poland, the camp of Józef Piłsudski, who worked a military coup in May 1926 under the banner of healing politics and public life...) ''2. rzad(używany ): uzdrowienie, np. stosunków w jakiejś instytucji, w jakimś kraju.'' (2. rare(used ): healing, e.g., of an institution, of a country.)"〕
The Sanation advocates supported authoritarian rule, and rested on a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński and Edward Rydz-Śmigły.〔 It preached the primacy of the national interest in governance, contended against the system of parliamentary democracy.〔
==Background==
Named after the Latin word for "healing" ("''sanatio''"),〔Neither the English "sanation" nor the cognate Polish "''sanacja''"—both derived from the same Latin root, "''sanatio''"—has much currency in its respective language. The terms' unfamiliarity doubtless accounts for misconceptions about the meaning of the Polish political term. Adam Zamoyski, for example (''The Polish Way: A Thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Culture'', p. 343), mistranslates it as "sanitation". Other English-language authors, baffled by the Polish term and unfamiliar with its Latin etymology and English cognate, have left it untranslated.〕 the Sanation movement mainly comprised former military officers who were disgusted with the perceived corruption in Polish politics. Sanation was a coalition of rightists, leftists and centrists whose main focus was the elimination of corruption and the reduction of inflation.
Sanation appeared prior to the May 1926 ''Coup d'État'' and lasted until World War II but was never formalized. Since Piłsudski, though he had been the former leader of the Polish Socialist Party, had grown to disapprove of political parties, which he saw as promoting their own interests rather than supporting the state and the people. For this reason, the Sanation movement never led to the creation of a political party. Instead, in 1928 Sanation members created a ''Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem'' ("Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government"), a pro-government grouping that denied being a political party.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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