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Phantom's Revenge
Phantom's Revenge (formerly known as Steel Phantom) is a steel roller coaster at Kennywood. When it opened in 1991, it was the fastest roller coaster and had the longest drop of any roller coaster in the world. The ride was originally manufactured by Arrow Dynamics. After the 2000 season, D.H. Morgan Manufacturing was brought in to renovate the ride, most notably to remove the four inversions. Unlike most roller coasters, the ride's second drop through Thunderbolt's structure is longer than its first drop.
As of 2012, Phantom's Revenge is in a three-way tie for 10th place of the world's fastest steel coasters, along with Goliath at Six Flags Magic Mountain, and Titan at Six Flags Over Texas. The ride has been ranked in the Golden Ticket Awards every year since 2000. It was ranked in the top 10 every year from 2002 - 2011. In addition, it has been ranked in the top 25 of Mitch Hawker's Best Steel Roller Coaster Poll every year since 2001 and in the top 5 of the National Amusement Park Historical Association Favorite Steel Roller Coaster poll every year except 2008.
==History==
Henry Henniger, the president of Kennywood Entertainment Company, wanted a large steel coaster in the late 1980s. The park had only built wooden roller coasters in the past. The park also had a very tight layout and they were not sure how to fit it into the park. On July 27, 1990, Kennywood announced the name of their new roller coaster would be Steel Phantom and it would use the same station as Laser Loop, which it replaced. The ride opened on May 10, 1991 as the fastest and steepest steel roller coaster in the world. The inversions were a vertical loop, a Boomerang, and a corkscrew. As a result of the inversions, riders experienced more-than-usual head banging. Shortly after its debut, a trim brake was added because the coaster was going faster than it should through the inversions and riders were experiencing pain in their necks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/history/1980_1990/90s_part_one.shtml )〕
In March 2000, Kennywood announced that they would dismantle Steel Phantom. A replacement for Steel Phantom was not announced at the time. "Just about anything is on the table" said Kennywood spokeswoman, Mary Lou Rosemeyer. After the decision to remove Steel Phantom was announced, the park started receiving complaints and emails about the decision. Kennywood ultimately decided to keep the roller coaster but make modifications to it. After the ride closed on Labor Day weekend in 2000, Steel Phantom underwent extensive changes by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, most notably the removal of all of its inversions.〔 According to Kennywood, this was done because of many riders' complaints of how rough the coaster was on their heads and necks. The modified coaster reopened on May 19, 2001 as the Phantom's Revenge. The coaster only operated with one train in its first season. In 2002, magnetic brakes were added to the ride so a second train could be used.〔 Phantom's Revenge now has a top speed of ,〔 putting it in a three-way tie for 10th place of the world's fastest steel coasters, along with Goliath at Six Flags Magic Mountain, and Titan at Six Flags Over Texas. Due to the modifications, both Morgan style and Arrow style track are used on the coaster.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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