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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Lorain |government_footnotes = |government_type = Council-manager |leader_title = City manager |leader_name = Eric Norenberg |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 12.85 |area_land_km2 = 12.74 |area_water_km2 = 0.10 |area_total_sq_mi = 4.96 |area_land_sq_mi = 4.92 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.04 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 8300 |pop_est_as_of = 2012〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html )〕 |population_footnotes = 〔 |population_total = 8286 |population_density_km2 = 650.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 1684.1 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 248 |elevation_ft = 814 |latd = 41 |latm = 17 |lats = 18 |latNS = N |longd = 82 |longm = 13 |longs = 0 |longEW = W |coordinates_display = inline, title |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 44074 |area_code = 440 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 39-57834〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Census Bureau )〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1049034〔 |website = http://www.cityofoberlin.com/ |footnotes = }} Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, southwest of Cleveland. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students. The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League and the Hall-Héroult process, the process of reducing aluminum from its fluoride salts by electrolysis, which made industrial production of aluminum possible.〔 〕 The population was 8,286 at the 2010 census. ==History== Oberlin was founded in 1833 by two Presbyterian ministers, John Jay Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart. The pair had become friends while spending the summer of 1832 together in nearby Elyria and discovered a shared dissatisfaction with what they saw as the lack of strong Christian morals among the settlers of the American West. Their proposed solution was to create a religious community that would more closely adhere to Biblical commandments, along with a school for training Christian missionaries who would eventually spread throughout the American frontier. The two decided to name their community after Jean-Frédéric Oberlin (1740–1826), an Alsatian minister whose pedagogical achievements in a poor and remote area had greatly impressed and inspired them. Shipherd and Stewart rode south from Elyria into the forests that covered the northern part of Ohio in search of a suitable location for their community. After a journey of approximately eight miles, they stopped to rest and pray in the shade of an elm tree along the forest, and agreed that this would be a good place to start their community. Legend has it that while they prayed, a hunter saw a family of bears climb down from a nearby tree. The bears saw the two men, but turned away without harming them. On hearing this story from the hunter, the two ministers took it to be a sign from God that they had selected the right place for their community and school. Shipherd traveled back east and convinced the owner of the land to donate of land for the school, and he purchased an additional for the town, at the cost of $1.50 per acre ($371/km²). While in that part of the country, he visited many of his friends and persuaded some to join in his adventure, and others to contribute money towards the construction of the community. The motto of the new Oberlin Collegiate Institute was "Learning and Labor." In those days the words were taken quite literally: tuition at Oberlin was free, but students were expected to contribute by helping to build and sustain the community. This attracted a number of bright young people who would otherwise not have been able to afford tuition. Eventually this approach was deemed inefficient; the motto, however, remains to this day. In Oberlin's earliest years, transportation (especially for students) was relied heavily on weather-dependent Lake Erie transportation routes; the nearest railroad passed through Wellington, and travellers were forced to rely on stagecoaches between that village and Oberlin. This situation changed in 1852: in that year, the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland Railroad opened a stop in Oberlin along its Grafton line, and immediately the college and village felt the effects of Fortuna's smile.〔Wright, G. Frederick, ed. ''A Standard History of Lorain County Ohio''. Chicago and New York: Lewis, 1916, 509.〕 Fifteen years later, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway opened a new rail station along this line; no longer used for rail transportation, the depot has been converted for community use and sits at the center of a park.〔Owen, Lorrie K., ed. ''Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places''. Vol. 2. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 892.〕 On June 28, 1924, the worst flood in Oberlin history occurred on the same day that a tornado killed 62 people in Lorain. Afterward, the water was so deep that children swam in Tappan Square.〔(1924 flood in Oberlin, Ohio )〕 Damage was caused to all of downtown Oberlin.〔(June 28, 1924: Lorain Tornado )〕 The second largest employer in Oberlin (after the eponymous College) is the Federal Aviation Administration, which houses an Air Route Traffic Control Center in the town. Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center is one of the most transitioned air traffic control centers in the country, and oversees the airspace over six states and a small part of Canada. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oberlin, Ohio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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