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N'Dama
N'Dama are a breed of cattle from West Africa, of the Bos taurus-type. Other names for them include Boenca or Boyenca (Guinea-Bissau), Fouta Jallon, Fouta Longhorn, Fouta Malinke, Futa, Malinke, Mandingo (Liberia), N'Dama Petite (Senegal). Originating in the Guinea highlands they are also found in southern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. They are trypanotolerant, allowing them to be kept in tsetse fly infested areas.〔Charles G. Hickman, ''Cattle Genetic Resources'' Elsevier Health Sciences, 1991 ISBN 0-444-88638-9 p34〕〔(Oklahoma State University breed profile )〕 They also show superior resistance to ticks and the diseases they carry and to Haemonchus contortus stomach worms.〔(FAO study; The state of agricultural biodiversity in the livestock sector p99 )〕
In the 19th century N'Dama cattle were imported to the Caribbean Island of St. Croix from Senegal, and later crossed with Redpolls to form the Senepol breed.〔(Oklahoma State University )〕
==Reproduction==
The age of first calving is 3.5 years in Upper Casamance and is slightly lower in Lower and Middle Casamance. The calving interval is 16 to 17 months in Middle and Upper Casamance and roughly 19 months in Lower Casamance with eighty percent of calving taking place in the last six months of the year. The abortion rate is 10 to 20% which leaves an average calving rate of 56%. Calves are weaned at around 12 months and castration, when it occurs, is at about three years. Annual mortality rate of 12% overall with 30% for calves under one year, 15% for one to two-year-olds, 5% for two to three-year-olds and 2% for adults. 〔 (Trypanotolerant livestock in West & Central Africa - Volume 2. Country studies ) 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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