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The Musaeum or Mouseion at Alexandria (), which included the famous Library of Alexandria,〔The relation of the institutions is still a matter of debate. The ''Musaeum'' is discussed by P.M. Fraser, ''Ptolemaic Alexandria'' (1972: vol. I:213-19 etc), and Mostafa el-Addabi, ''The Life and Fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria'' (Paris 1990:84-90).〕 was an institution founded by Ptolemy I Soter or, perhaps more likely, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. This original ''Musaeum'' ("Institution of the Muses") was the home of music or poetry, a philosophical school and library such as Plato's Academy, also a storehouse of texts. It did not have a collection of works of art, rather it was an institution that brought together some of the best scholars of the Hellenistic world, analogous to a modern university. This original ''Musaeum'' was the source for the modern usage of the word ''museum''. ==History== The Musaeum was an institution founded, according to Johannes Tzetzes, by Ptolemy I Soter (c. 367 BC – c. 283 BC) or, perhaps more likely, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309–246 BC)〔There is no ancient source for the founding either of the Library or the Musaeum, Roger S. Bagnall notes, in "Alexandria: Library of Dreams", ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 146.4 (December 2002:348-362) p. 348. We rely instead on the self-confident but unreliable Byzantine scholar Johannes Tzetzes' remarks in an introduction to Aristotle.〕 at Alexandria. The ''Mouseion'' remained supported by the patronage of the royal family of the Ptolemies. Such a Greek ''Mouseion'' was the home of music or poetry, a philosophical school and library such as Plato's Academy, also a storehouse of texts.〔Entry (Μουσείον ) at Liddell & Scott〕 ''Mouseion'', connoting an assemblage gathered together under the protection of the Muses, was the title given to a collection of stories about the esteemed writers of the past assembled by Alcidamas, an Athenian sophist of the fourth century BCE. Though the ''Musaeum'' at Alexandria did not have a collection of sculpture and painting presented as works of art,〔The Ptolemaic dynasty displayed these in their palace nearby.〕 as was assembled by the Ptolemies' rival Attalus at the Library of Pergamum, it did have a room devoted to the study of anatomy and an installation for astronomical observations. Rather than simply a museum in the sense that has developed since the Renaissance, it was an institution that brought together some of the best scholars of the Hellenistic world, as Germain Bazin compared it, "analogous to the modern Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton or to the Collège de France in Paris."〔Bazin, ''The Museum Age'' 1967:16.〕 In the 21st century, the nearest equivalent is a university. More than 1,000 scholars lived in the Mouseion at a given time. Staff members and scholars were salaried by the Mouseion and paid no taxes. They also received free meals, free room and board, and free servants. The Mouseion was administered by a priest appointed by the Pharaoh.〔 The Mouseion's scholars conducted scientific research, published, lectured, and collected as much literature as possible from the known world. In addition to Greek works, foreign texts were translated from Assyrian, Persian, Jewish, Indian, and other sources.〔 The edited versions of the Greek literary canon that we know today, from Homer and Hesiod forward, exist in editions that were collated and corrected by the scholars assembled in the Musaeum at Alexandria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Musaeum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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