|
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua ((タイ語:พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว)), or Rama IV, known in English-speaking countries as King Mongkut (18 October 18041 October 1868), was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1851 to 1868. He was one of the most revered monarchs of the country. Outside of Thailand, he is best known as the King in the 1951 musical and 1956 film ''The King and I'', based on the 1946 film ''Anna and the King of Siam''in turn based on a 1944 novel by an American missionary about Anna Leonowens' years at his court, from 1862 to 1867.〔'King's Ears Won't Hear Songs From "King and I"', ''Washington Post'' (28 June 1960), pg. C1.〕〔Marguerite Higgins, 'Siam King Found Shy And Welfare-Minded', ''Washington Post'' (30 August 1951), pg. B11.〕〔Lawrence Meyer, 'Court And "The King"', ''Washington Post'' (21 November 1972), pg. B2.〕〔Landon v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., 384 F. Supp. 450 (S.D.N.Y. 1974), in Donald E. Biederman, Edward P. Pierson, Martin E. Silfen, Janna Glasser, ''Law and Business of the Entertainment Industries'', 5th edition (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2006), pp. 349–356.〕〔('Thailand bans "Anna and the King"' ), ''Asian Economic News'' (3 January 2000). Accessed 29 August 2008.〕 During his reign, the pressure of Western expansionism was felt for the first time in Siam. Mongkut embraced Western innovations and initiated the modernization of Siam, both in technology and culture—earning him the nickname "The Father of Science and Technology" in Siam. Mongkut was also known for his appointing his brother, Prince Chutamani, as Second King, crowned in 1851 as King Pinklao. Mongkut himself assured the country that Pinklao should be respected with equal honor to himself (as King Naresuan had done with his brother Ekathotsarot in 1583.) Mongkut's reign was also the time when the power of the House of Bunnag reached its zenith and became the most powerful noble family of Siam. ==Early life== Mongkut ( ''crown'') was the second son of Prince Isarasundhorn, son of Phutthayotfa Chulalok, the first Chakri king of Siam (King Rama I) and Princess Bunreod. Mongkut was born in the Old (Thonburi) Palace in 1804, where the first son had died shortly after birth in 1801; joined by Prince Chutamani () in 1808. In 1809, Prince Isarasundhorn was crowned as Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (later styled King Rama II.) The royal family then moved to the Grand Palace. Thenceforward until their own accessions as kings, the princes () were called Chao Fa Yai () and Chao Fa Noi(). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mongkut」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|