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Mansfield is a city in and the county seat of Richland County, Ohio, United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 Located midway between Columbus and Cleveland via Interstate 71, it is part of Northeast Ohio and North-central Ohio regions in the western foothills of the Allegheny Plateau, approximately northeast of Columbus and southwest of Cleveland. It was founded in 1808 on a fork of the Mohican River in a hilly region surrounded by fertile farmlands, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location with numerous railroad lines. After the decline of heavy manufacturing, the city's industry has since diversified into a service economy, including retailing, education, and healthcare sectors. The 2010 Census showed that the city had a total population of 47,821, making it Ohio's nineteenth largest city. According to the 2010 Census, the Mansfield, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) has a population of 124,475 residents,〔Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas〕 while the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area (CSA) has 221,398 residents.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Population – Combined Statistical Area Population )〕 Mansfield's official nickname is "The Fun Center of Ohio". It is the largest city in the "Mid-Ohio" region of the state, the north-central region which is generally considered to extend from Marion, Delaware, Knox, Morrow, Crawford, Ashland and Richland counties in the south, to the Firelands area south of Sandusky in the north. Mansfield is also known as the "Carousel Capital of Ohio," "Danger City," and "Racing Capital of Ohio". ==History== Mansfield was laid out and founded by James Hedges, Jos. Larwell and Jacob Newman, and was platted in June 1808 as a settlement and was named for Jared Mansfield, the United States, Colonel Surveyor General who directed its planning. Originally platted as a square, known today as the public square or Central Park.〔 During that same year of its founding, a log cabin was built by Samuel Martin on lot 97 (where the H.L. Reed building is now), making it the first and only house to be built in Mansfield in 1808.〔 Samuel Martin was the first settler in Mansfield and built his cabin with the help of Jacob Brubaker. Martin lived in the cabin during the winter and sold whiskey to Indians. This, being illegal compelled Martin, the first settler, to flee the country. James Cunningham moved into the cabin in the year of 1809.〔History of Richland Country 1807–1880.Page 237. Compiled by A.A. Graham. Published by A.A. Graham & Co.〕 At that time, there were less than a dozen settlers in Richland County while Ohio was still largely wilderness.〔 Two blockhouses were erected on the public square during the War of 1812 for protection against the North American colonies and its Indian allies.〔 The block houses were erected in a single night.〔History of Richland Country 1807–1880.Page 272.Compiled by A.A. Graham. Published by A.A. Graham & Co.〕 Before the war ended, the first courthouse, and jail of Richland County was served in one of two blockhouses that were located on the public square until 1816.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Visitors )〕 The blockhouse was later used as a school with Miss Eliza Wolf being its teacher.〔History of Richland County 1807–1880.Compiled by A.A. Graham. Published by A.A.Graham & Co〕 Mansfield was incorporated in 1828, and in 1857 Mansfield was chartered as a city with a population ascertained to be 5,121. Between 1846 and 1863, the railroads came to the city with the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad being the first railroad to reach Mansfield in 1846, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway in 1849, and the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in 1863. In 1872 Mansfield became known for the historic Penny Guinness murder, in which an eight-year-old child was killed and left dead in her bed for several days. The case was never solved but remains to be a popular topic of folklore in Mansfield. In 1880, 9,859 people resided in the town, and in 1890, 13,473 people lived there. In 1888, the town was a center of manufacturing and trade in north-central Ohio thanks to the four railroads that passed through the community. Dozens of manufacturing businesses operated in the town, producing doors, brass objects, linseed oil, suspenders, paper boxes, and numerous other items. Mansfield's largest employer was a cigar maker, Hautzenroeder & Company, with 285 employees in 1888. By 1908, the blockhouse became a symbol of Mansfield's heritage during its 100th birthday celebration, and in 1929, the blockhouse was relocated to its present location at South Park.〔〔 In 1913, parts of Mansfield were flooded when the Great Flood of 1913 brought of rainfall across Ohio between March 23 and March 24. The first road across America, the Lincoln Highway came to the city in 1913, smoothing the path for economic growth. In 1924, Oak Hill Cottage, a Gothic Revival brick house, built in 1847 by John Robinson, superintendent of the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad was the setting of The Green Bay Tree, Mansfield native Louis Bromfield's first novel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History )〕 Like many cities in the Rust Belt, the 1970s and 1980s brought urban blight, a decrease in blue-collar manufacturing jobs, an increase in crime that overwhelmed the city such as drugs and prostitution. In recent years, Mansfield's downtown, which once underscored the community's economic difficulties, has seen innovative revitalization through the establishment of Main Street Mansfield (known today as Downtown Mansfield, Inc.), is a site of new business growth.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About us )〕 In 1993, Lydia Reid was sworn in as the city's first female mayor and became the longest-serving mayor of Mansfield encompassing three four-year terms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mrs. Lydia J. Reid )〕 On November 6, 2007, the people of Mansfield elected Donald Culliver as the city's first black mayor and was preceded by Lydia Reid on December 1, 2007. In December 2009, the city was placed on fiscal watch by the state auditor citing substantial deficit balances in structural operating general funds. On August 19, 2010, Mansfield would become Ohio's largest city to be declared fiscal emergency with a deficit of $3.8 million after city officials failed to pass measures on cost-savings and cut spending, blaming it on the Great Recession.〔 The city's financial crisis lasted nearly four years before being lifted out of fiscal emergency on July 9, 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mansfield, Ohio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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