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Manihiki is an island in the Cook Islands known as the Island of Pearls. It is a triangular atoll north of Rarotonga. ==History== Polynesians are believed to have lived on Manihiki since at least 900 or 1000 AD. Kupe was the first to explore Aotearoa. Kupe came from Manihiki, also known as Fakahotu Nui, or Niiva Nui. His canoe was named by the ancient name of Tukao Village known as Te Matafourua. On his return from Aotearoa he renamed the Marae in the Village of Tukao (Te Matafourua) Te Puna Ruki o Toi Tu Rahui Te Rautea as Te Hono O Kupe Ki Aotea, shortened as Te Marae Hono. The only food available on the island at the time was coconut. This meant that inhabitants traveled by boat between Manihiki and the nearby atoll Rakahanga to obtain food. It is believed that Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovered the island in 1606 and called it ''Gente Hermosa'' (Beautiful People). However, on 13 October 1822, when it was sighted by the U.S. ship ''Good Hope'' it was named Humphrey Island by captain Patrickson. In 1928 the whale ship ''Ganges'' spotted the island and named it Great Ganges Island, as other whale ships named it Liderous, Gland, Sarah Scott and pescado. Despite repeated renaming by explorers, the island now retains its aboriginal name. The name has two possible meanings: It's believed that the original name of the island was Manuhiki, inspired by the aboriginal discovers ''Manu'' coming from the word Rua Manu (a kind of canoe) and ''Hiki'' meaning ''ashore'', so the literal translation would be ''canoe carried ashore''. The second interpretation is that the original discoverers were from Manihi, an island in Tuamotus, so the name of the island would mean ''Little Manihi''. In 1889, a portion of the population opposed missionaries and made an agreement with the French stationed in Tahiti to annex the island. In response a ship was sent but the missionaries on Manihiki hoisted the British Flag, causing the ship to return to Tahiti without coming ashore. On August 9, 1889 the island was proclaimed a British protectorate by Commander A. C. Clarke, captain of the HMS Espiegle. On the request of the Rarotongan Ariki, Manihiki was included in New Zealand's boundaries in 1901. In August 1963, a small boat, the ''Tearoha'', set sail from Manihiki to Rakahanga for food. On leaving Rakahanga on 15 August 1963, the boat was blown off course in a storm, and eventually came to land again on 17 October 1963, at Erromango in Vanuatu. Four of the seven men on board survived to arrive at Erromango, but one of them died soon after. Teehu Makimare, of Tauhunu village, was later awarded the gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of New Zealand for his leadership and courage in this epic unintended voyage. The story has been told in Barry Wynne's book, ''The Man Who Refused to Die''. One of the Survivor: Cook Islands tribes was named Manihiki, but was dissolved soon after its formation. The island had been claimed by the United States in 1822 but in 1980 the U.S. signed a treaty with the Cook Islands in which it recognized Cook Island sovereignty over Manihiki and three other islands.〔(Discoverers of the Cook Islands and the Names They Gave – 4. Manihiki )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manihiki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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