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| imagesize = 270px | image_shield = Kristiansand komm.svg | shield_size = 120px | pushpin_map = Norway | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Norway | dot_mapsize = | nickname = Port of Norway | coordinates_region = NO | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Norway | subdivision_type1 = Municipality | subdivision_name1 = Kristiansand | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Vest-Agder | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Kristiansandregion | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Harald Furre | established_title = Established | established_date = 1641 | area_total_km2 = 261.11 | area_urban_km2 = 25.03 | area_metro_km2 = 1892.8 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 87446 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Municipality/Urban rank | population_blank1 = 5th/5th | population_urban = 97,846 | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = Metro rank | population_blank2 = 5th | population_metro = 155648 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Kristiansander | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | demographics1_title3 = | demographics1_info3 = | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | language = Bokmål | latd = 58 |latm = 8 |lats = 50 |latNS = N | longd= 7 |longm= 59 |longs= 50 |longEW= E | coordinates_display = inline,title | website = (kristiansand.kommune.no ) }} Kristiansand 〔Even though the names are different, Kristiansand is often noted as ''Kristiansand S'' (S for South) to distinguish it from Kristiansund, also in Norway, in such cases noted as ''Kristiansund N''. The practice originated before postal codes were introduced, as mail sometimes was sent to the wrong city. Occasional mix-ups with the Swedish city of Kristianstad have also been known to happen.〕 is a city, municipality and the county capital of Vest-Agder county in Southern Norway. Kristiansand is the fifth largest city in Norway and the municipality is the sixth largest in Norway, with a population of 85,681 as of 1 January 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Folkemengd og kvartalsvise befolkningsendringar, 3. kvartal 2013 )〕 In addition, Statistics Norway counts 4 other densely populated areas in the municipality: Skålevik in Flekkerøy with a population of 3,526 in the Vågsbygd borough, Strai with a population of 1,636 in the Grim borough, Justvik with a population of 1,803 in the Lund borough, and Tveit with a population of 1,396 () in the Oddernes borough. Kristiansand is divided in to five boroughs: Grim which is located northwest in Kristiansand with a population of 15,000. Kvadraturen which is the centrum and downtown Kristiansand with a population of 5,200. Lund, the second largest borough, Oddernes a borough located in the west, and Vågsbygd, the largest borough with a population of 36,000, located in the southwest. Kristiansand is connected with four main roads, European Route E18 from Oslo, Aust-Agder and covers the eastern part of Kristiansand, European route E39 from Stavanger, Flekkefjord and the coast towns and villages in Vest-Agder, Norwegian National Road 9 from Evje, Setesdal and Grim, and Norwegian National Road 41 from Telemark, northern Aust-Agder, Birkeland, Tveit and the airport Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. Varodd Bridge is a large bridge a part of E18 which stretches over Topdalsfjorden. Tourism is important in Kristiansand, and the summer season is most popular for the city. Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement park is the largest zoo in Norway, it has over 900,000 visitors every year. Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in downtown Kristiansand. Bystranda is a city beach located in Kvadraturen, Hamresanden beach is the longest beach in Kristiansand and Hamresanden Camping is a popular family camp during the summer season. The city hosts a free concert in downtown Kristiansand once every week in the summer. Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in the city. Outside the city, the industry park Sørlandsparken is located with the largest mall in Norway, Sørlandssenteret. == History == The Kristiansand area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. In 1996 the well-preserved skeleton of a woman dating to approximately 6500 BC was discovered in the neighboring municipality of Søgne, which demonstrates very early habitation of the archipelago. Grauthelleren (''Grathelleren'') on Fidjane is believed to be a Stone Age settlement. The first discovery in Norway of a Sarup enclosure (a Neolithic form of ritual enclosure first identified at Sarup on the Danish island of Funen) was made in 2010 at Hamresanden and dates to c. 3400 BC. Archaeological excavations to the east of Oddernes Church have uncovered rural settlements that existed during the centuries immediately before and after the beginning of our era. Together with a corresponding discovery in Rogaland, these are unique in the Norwegian context; isolated farms, rather than villages, were the norm in ancient Norway. Other discoveries in grave mounds around the church, in the Lund section of the city, indicate habitation beginning c. 400 AD, and 25 cooking pits that were found immediately outside the church wall in 1907 are probably even older. One of the largest pre-Christian burial grounds in South Norway was formerly located to the south and west of the church. A royal centre is thought to have existed at Oddernes before 800, and the church was built around 1040. Before the stone church was built, one or perhaps two wooden post churches are believed to have stood on the same spot. A few years ago, excavations were carried out under and around the runestone when it was moved to the church porch; the grave finds indicated that the churchyard must already have been unusually large in the High Middle Ages. This means that the area must have had a large population before it was reduced by the Black Death. In the 14th and 15th centuries, there was already a busy port and a small village on the Otra at the lowest point of today's Lund neighborhood (Lahelle). Another important element in the development of Kristiansand was the harbor on the island of Flekkerøy, which was the most important on the Skagerrak beginning in the 16th century and was first fortified under King Christian III in 1555. In 1635, King Christian IV ordered his feudal seigneur, Palle Rosenkrantz, to move from Nedenes and build a royal palace on the island. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kristiansand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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