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Karnöffel
Karnöffel is a trick-taking card game which probably came from the upper-German language area in Europe in the first quarter of the 15th century. It first appeared listed in a municipal ordinance of Nördlingen, Bavaria, in 1426 among the games that could be lawfully played at the annual city fête.〔Notes about Karnöffel - Caldwell, Ross Gregory. Trionfi.com〕 This makes the game the oldest identifiable European card game in the history of playing cards.
== Karnöffel ==
The earliest substantial reference to Karnöffel is a poem by Meissner, discovered by Dr. Rudolf von Leyden, written in or before 1450. The word means inguinal hernia.〔von Leyden, Rudolf. (1978). Karnöffel: Das Kartenspiel der Landsknechte. Vienna.〕
Karnöffel had a suit in which some cards had a higher priority than cards in other suits, which indicates that it might be a possible precursor to the trump suit of Tarot. Karnöffel utilizes a deck of 48 cards, Aces having been removed from German and Swiss playing cards during the 14th or early 15th century.
A derivative of the game is still played around Stans and in the Engelberg valley in Canton Nidwalden in Switzerland under the name Kaisern, Kaiserspiel, or Kaiserjass, though it's not a true variety of Jass.〔Kaiserspiel Card Game - Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett, pg:139〕 It is a five-card partnership game of which each deal is won by the first side to win three tricks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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