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Human T-lymphotropic virus
The human T-lymphotropic virus or human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family of viruses are a group of human retroviruses that are known to cause a type of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a demyelinating disease called HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The HTLVs belong to a larger group of primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs). Members of this family that infect humans are called HTLVs, and the ones that infect old world monkeys are called Simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). To date, four types of HTLVs (human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (), human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (), HTLV-III, and HTLV-IV) and four types of STLVs (STLV-I, STLV-II, STLV-III, and STLV-V) have been identified. The HTLVs are believed to originate from intraspecies transmission of STLVs. The original name for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was HTLV-III; this term is no longer in use (). The HTLV-1 genome is diploid, composed of two copies of a single-stranded RNA virus whose genome is copied into a double-stranded DNA form that integrates into the host cell genome, at which point the virus is referred to as a provirus. A closely related virus is bovine leukemia virus BLV.
==HTLV-I==
(詳細はvirus that has been seriously implicated in several kinds of diseases, including HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, and as a virus cancer link for leukemia (see adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma). HTLV was discovered by Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932) a French virologist along with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen. Robert Gallo and colleagues were also involved in 1980.〔Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA, Minna JD, Gallo RC. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. 1980 Dec; 77(12):7415–9〕 Between 1 in 20 and 1 in 25 infected persons are thought to develop cancer as a result of the virus.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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