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Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically. The Chinese, Japanese and Korean scripts can be oriented in either direction, as they consist mainly of disconnected syllabic units, each occupying a square block of space. On the other hand, the traditional Kapampangan script, Mongolian script and its offshoots (like Manchu) are written vertically. Horizontal writing is known in Chinese as hengpai (), in Japanese as yokogaki (, "horizontal writing", also ''yokogumi'', ), and in Korean as garosseugi () or ''hoengseo'' (; ). Vertical writing is known respectively as zongpai (), tategaki (, "vertical writing", also ''tategumi'', ), or serosseugi () or ''jongseo'' (; ). Traditionally, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are written vertically in columns going from top to bottom and ordered from right to left, with each new column starting to the left of the preceding one. The stroke order and stroke direction of Chinese characters (''hanzi'' in Chinese, ''kanji'' in Japanese, ''hanja'' in Korean), Japanese kana, and Korean Hangul all facilitate writing in this manner. In addition, writing in vertical columns from right to left facilitated writing with a brush in the right hand while continually unrolling the sheet of paper or scroll with the left. In modern times, it has become increasingly common for these languages to be written horizontally, from left to right, with successive rows going from top to bottom, under the influence of European languages such as English, although vertical writing is still used in Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau frequently. ==Differences between horizontal and vertical writing== Chinese characters, Japanese kana, and Korean hangul can be written horizontally or vertically. There are some small differences in orthography. In horizontal writing it is more common to use Arabic numerals, whereas Chinese numerals are more common in vertical text. In these scripts, the positions of punctuation marks, for example the relative position of commas and full stops (periods), differ between horizontal and vertical writing. Punctuation such as the parentheses, quotation marks, book title marks (Chinese), ellipsis mark, dash, wavy dash (Japanese), proper noun mark (Chinese), wavy book title mark (Chinese), emphasis mark, and ''chōon'' mark (Japanese) are all rotated 90 degrees when switching between horizontal and vertical text. Where a text is written in horizontal format, pages are read in the same order as English books, with the binding at the left and pages progressing to the right. Vertical books are printed the other way round, with the binding at the right, and pages progressing to the left. Ruby characters, like ''furigana'' in Japanese or ''zhuyin'' in Taiwan Chinese, which provide a phonetic guide for unusual or difficult-to-read characters, follow the direction of the main text. Example in Japanese, with furigana in green: |} Inserted text in the Roman alphabet is usually written horizontally, or turned sideways when it appears in vertical text, with the base of the characters on the left. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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