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Hokku
is the opening stanza of a Japanese orthodox collaborative linked poem, renga, or of its later derivative, renku (haikai no renga).〔Blyth, Reginald Horace. ''Haiku. Volume 1, Eastern culture''. The Hokuseido Press, 1981. ISBN 0-89346-158-X p123ff.〕 From the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku began to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (in combination with prose). In the late 19th century, Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902), renamed the stand-alone hokku to ''haiku'',〔Higginson, William J. ''The Haiku Handbook'', Kodansha International, 1985, ISBN 4-7700-1430-9, p.20〕 and the latter term is now generally applied retrospectively to all hokku appearing independently of renku or renga, irrespective of when they were written.〔Van den Heuvel, Cor. ''The Haiku Anthology'', 2nd edition, Simon & Schuster, 1986, ISBN 0-671-62837-2 p357.〕 The term ''hokku'' continues to be used in its original sense, as the opening verse of a linked poem.
== Content ==
Within the traditions of renga and renku, the hokku, as the opening verse of the poem, has always held a special position. It was traditional for the most honoured guest at the poetry-writing session to be invited to compose it, and he would be expected to offer praise to his host and/or deprecate himself (often symbolically), while superficially referring to current surroundings and season. (The following verse fell to the host, who would respond with a compliment to the guest, again usually symbolically).〔Haruo Shirane, ''Traces of Dreams'', Stanford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8047-3099-7, p.125〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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