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Hindolam : ウィキペディア英語版
Hindolam

Hindōḷaṃ is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a ''janya'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven ''swaras'' (musical notes). Hindolam is not the same as the Hindustani Hindol. The equivalent of ''Hindolam'' in Hindustani music is ''Malkauns'' 〔''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications〕 (or Malkosh 〔''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras〕).
It is known to be a rāgam that is generally beautiful and soothing to listen to. Being symmetrical in its ascending and descending scales, it lends itself very well to improvisation and is therefore popular at concerts.
==Structure and Lakshana==

''Hindōḷaṃ'' is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' and ''panchamam''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' rāgam 〔〔 in Carnatic music classification - ''audava'' means 'of 5'). Since pentatonic scales can be found in other world music such as Chinese music, shades of ''Mohanam'' and ''Hindōḷaṃ'' can sometimes be traced in Chinese and east Asian music. Its ' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* : S G2 M1 D1 N2 S
* : S N2 D1 M1 G2 S
This rāgam uses the ''swaras sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadam''. ''Hindolam'' is not a ''melakarta'' rāgam, since it does not contain all the seven ''svaras''.
Experts in Carnatic music hold differences of opinion on the ''janaka'' rāgams (rāgams of origin) that should be attributed to ''Hindolam''. It is widely accepted that 20th melakarta, ''Natabhairavi'' is the parent rāgam of ''Hindolam'', but some would like to associate it with 8th melakarta, ''Hanumatodi''.〔〔 It can be derived from both, by dropping the ''rishabham'' and ''panchamam''.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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