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:''Gesta Hungarorum may also refer to Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, written by Simon of Kéza.'' ''Gesta Hungarorum'', or ''The Deeds of the Hungarians'', is the first extant Hungarian chronicle. It was written by an unidentified author who has traditionally been called Anonymus in scholarly works. According to most historians, the work was completed between around 1200 and 1230. The ''Gesta'' exists in a sole manuscript from the second part of the 13th century, which was for centuries held in Vienna. It is part of the collection of Széchényi National Library in Budapest. The principal subject of the ''Gesta'' is the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, and it also writes of the origin of the Hungarians, identifying the Hungarians' ancestors with the ancient Scythians. Many of its sources—including the Bible, Isidore of Seville's ''Etymologiae'', the 7th-century ''Exordia Scythica'', the late 9th-century Regino of Prüm's ''Chronicon'', and early medieval romances of Alexander the Great—have been identified by scholars, and Anonymus also utilized folk songs and ballads when writing his work. He also knew a version of the late 11th-century "Hungarian Chronicle" the text of which has partially been preserved in his work and in later chronicles, but his narration of the Hungarian Conquest differs from the version provided by the other chronicles. Anonymus did not mention the opponents of the conquering Hungarians known from sources written around 900, but he wrote of the Hungarians' fight against rulers unknown from other sources. According to a scholarly theory, he used place names when naming the opponents of the Hungarians. ==Background== Although the Hungarians, or Magyars, seem to have used their own alphabet before adopting Christianity in the 11th century, most information of their early history was recorded by Muslim, Byzantine and Western European authors. For instance, the ''Annals of Fulda'', Regino of Prüm's ''Chronicon'', and Emperor Constantine VII's ''De administrando imperio'' contain contemporaneous or nearly contemporaneous reports of their conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. Among the Hungarians, oral traditionsongs and balladspreserved the memory of the most important historical events. The ''Illuminated Chronicle'' explicitly stated that the "seven captains" who led the Hungarians during the Conquest "composed lays about themselves and sang them among themselves in order to win worldly renown and to publish their names abroad, so that their posterity might be able to boast and brag to neighbours and friends when these songs were heard".〔''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle'' (ch. 36), p. 100.〕 The ''Gesta Hungarorum'', or ''The Deeds of the Hungarians'', is the first extant Hungarian chronicle. Its principal subject is the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, but it also narrates the background and the immediate aftermath of the conquest. Many historiansincluding Carlile Aylmer Macartney and András Róna-Tasagree that Simon of Kéza's chronicle, the ''Illuminated Chronicle'' and other works composed in the 13th–15th centuries preserved texts which had been written before the completion of the ''Gesta''. They say that the first "Hungarian Chronicle" was completed in the second half of the 11th century or in the early 12th century. The existence of this ancient chronicle is proven by later sources. One Ricardus's report of a journey of a group of Dominican friars in the early 1230s refers to a chronicle, ''The Deeds of the Christian Hungarians'', which contained information of an eastern ''Magna Hungaria''. The ''Illuminated Chronicle'' from 1358 refers to "the ancient books about the deeds of the Hungarians"〔''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle'' (ch. 82), p. 111.〕 in connection with the pagan uprisings of the 11th century. The earliest "Hungarian Chronicle" was expanded and rewritten several times in the 12th–14th centuries, but its content can only be reconstructed based on 14th-century works. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gesta Hungarorum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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