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Gatchina
Gatchina ((ロシア語:Га́тчина)) is a town and the administrative center of Gatchinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located south of St. Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov. Population:
It is a part of the World Heritage Site ''Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments''.
==Early history==
Khotchino (old name of Gatchina) was first documented in 1499 as a village in possession of Novgorod the Great. In the 17th century, in a series of wars, it passed to Livonia, then to Sweden, and was returned to Russia during the Great Northern War.〔 At that time, Gatchina was a southern vicinity of the new Russian capital, St. Petersburg. In 1708, Gatchina was given by Peter the Great to his sister Natalya Alexeyevna, and after her death, Peter founded an Imperial Hospital and Apothecary here.〔''Peter the Great: His Life and World'' (Knopf, 1980) by Robert K. Massie, ISBN 0-394-50032-6 (also Wings Books, 1991, ISBN 0-517-06483-9)〕 In 1765, it became the property of Count Orlov.〔 Between 1766 and 1788, Count Orlov built a sombre castle with 600 rooms 〔(photo )〕 and laid out an extensive English landscape park over , with an adjacent zoo and a horse farm. A triumphal arch was erected to a design by the architect of Gatchina, Antonio Rinaldi (1771, built 1777-1782), forming a monumental entrance.
Gatchina Palace was expanded several times by several imperial owners. Rococo interiors were designed by Rinaldi and Vincenzo Brenna and executed by Italian stuccoworkers and Russian craftsmen. Interiors were highlighted with parquetry floors, painted ceilings, and distinctly Italian furniture.〔''St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars''. Abbeville Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7892-0217-4〕
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