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In physics and cosmology, digital physics (also referred to as digital ontology or digital philosophy) is a collection of theoretical perspectives based on the premise that the universe is, at heart, describable by information, and is therefore computable. Therefore, according to this theory, the universe can be conceived of as either the output of a deterministic or probabilistic computer program, a vast, digital computation device, or mathematically isomorphic to such a device. Digital physics is grounded in one or more of the following hypotheses; listed in order of increasing strength. The physical world: * is essentially informational * is essentially computable * can be described digitally * is in essence digital * is itself a computer * is the output of a simulated reality exercise ==History== Every computer must be compatible with the principles of information theory, statistical thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics. A fundamental link among these fields was proposed by Edwin Jaynes in two seminal 1957 papers.〔Jaynes, E. T., 1957, "(Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics, )" ''Phys. Rev'' 106: 620. Jaynes, E. T., 1957, "(Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics II, )" ''Phys. Rev.'' 108: 171.〕 Moreover, Jaynes elaborated an interpretation of probability theory as generalized Aristotelian logic, a view very convenient for linking fundamental physics with digital computers, because these are designed to implement the operations of classical logic and, equivalently, of Boolean algebra.〔Jaynes, E. T., 1990, "(Probability Theory as Logic, )" in Fougere, P.F., ed., ''Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods''. Boston: Kluwer.〕 The hypothesis that the universe is a digital computer was pioneered by Konrad Zuse in his book ''Rechnender Raum'' (translated into English as ''Calculating Space''). The term ''digital physics'' was first employed by Edward Fredkin, who later came to prefer the term ''digital philosophy''.〔See Fredkin's (Digital Philosophy web site. )〕 Others who have modeled the universe as a giant computer include Stephen Wolfram,〔''A New Kind of Science'' (website. ) (Reviews of ANKS. )〕 Juergen Schmidhuber,〔Schmidhuber, J., "(Computer Universes and an Algorithmic Theory of Everything )"; (arXiv:1501.01373. )〕 and Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft.〔G. 't Hooft, 1999, "(Quantum Gravity as a Dissipative Deterministic System, )" ''Class. Quant. Grav.'' 16: 3263–79; (On discrete physics and a list of 't Hooft's recent works. )〕 These authors hold that the apparently probabilistic nature of quantum physics is not necessarily incompatible with the notion of computability. Quantum versions of digital physics have recently been proposed by Seth Lloyd,〔Lloyd, S., "(The Computational Universe: Quantum gravity from quantum computation. )"〕 David Deutsch, and Paola Zizzi.〔Zizzi, Paola, "(Spacetime at the Planck Scale: The Quantum Computer View. )"〕 Related ideas include Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's binary theory of ur-alternatives, pancomputationalism, computational universe theory, John Archibald Wheeler's "It from bit", and Max Tegmark's ultimate ensemble. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Digital physics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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