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| website = (dickinson.edu ) }} Dickinson College is a private, residential liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1773 as Carlisle Grammar School, Dickinson was chartered September 9, 1783,〔(Dickinson Facts )〕 six days after the signing of the Treaty of Paris, making it the first college to be founded after the formation of the United States. Dickinson was founded by Benjamin Rush, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. It was originally named "John and Mary's College" in honor of John Dickinson, a signer of the Constitution who was later the President of Pennsylvania, and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson. They donated much of their extensive personal libraries to the new college. Dickinson College is the 16th-oldest college in the United States. With over 250 full-time faculty members and an enrollment of nearly 2,400 students, Dickinson has been recognized for its innovative curriculum and international education programs. For example, Dickinson sponsors 12 study centers in other countries. Its approach to global education has received national recognition from the American Council on Education and NAFSA: Association of International Educators.〔(ACE | Dickinson College )〕〔(Dickinson details )〕 The college was among six institutions profiled in depth in 2003 by NAFSA for "Outstanding Campus Internationalization."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NAFSA - Internationalizing the Campus Report 2003 )〕 In 2010, Dickinson received The Climate Leadership Award from the organization Second Nature for “innovative and advanced leadership in education for sustainability….”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Second Nature )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Climate Leadership Award )〕 Typically, Dickinson receives approximately 6,000 applications for its 615 spaces, making it one of the most selective colleges in the nation. In addition to offering either a bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree in 22 disciplinary majors and 20 interdisciplinary majors, Dickinson offers an engineering option through its 3:2 program, which consists of three years at Dickinson and two years at an engineering school of Columbia University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or Case Western Reserve University. Upon successful completion of both portions of the program, students receive the B.S. degree from Dickinson in their chosen field and the B.S. in engineering from the engineering school.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Engineering option )〕 The Dickinson School of Law is located adjacent to the college campus and was originally founded as its law department. It received an independent charter in 1890 and ended all affiliation with the college in 1917.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dickinson.edu/info/20048/history_of_the_college/1404/the_dickinson_story )〕 In 2000 the Law School merged with the Pennsylvania State University. ==History== The Carlisle Grammar School was founded in 1773 as a frontier Latin school for young males in western Pennsylvania. Within years Carlisle's elite, especially James Wilson and John Montgomery, were pushing for development of the school as a college. In 1782 Benjamin Rush, a leader during the American Revolution and the preeminent physician in the new nation, met in Philadelphia with Montgomery and William Bingham, a prominent businessman and politician. As their conversation about founding a frontier college in Carlisle took place on his porch, "Bingham's Porch" was long a rallying cry at Dickinson. Dickinson College was chartered by the Pennsylvania legislature on September 9, 1783, six days after the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783) that ended the American Revolution; it was the first college to be founded in the newly independent nation. Rush intended to name the college after the President of Pennsylvania John Dickinson and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson, proposing "John and Mary's College." The Dickinsons had given the new college an extensive library which they jointly owned, one of the largest libraries in the colonies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://deila.dickinson.edu/norris/about.html )〕 The name Dickinson College was chosen instead. When founded, its location west of the Susquehanna River made it the westernmost college in the United States. For the first meeting of the trustees, held in April 1784, Rush made his first journey to Carlisle. The trustees selected Dr. Charles Nisbet D.D., a Scottish minister and scholar, to serve as the College's first president. He arrived and began to serve on July 4, 1785, serving until his unexpected death in 1804.〔(Charles Nisbet, First President of Dickinson College )〕 thumb A combination of financial troubles and faculty dissension led to a college closing from 1816-1821. In 1832, when the trustees were unable to resolve a faculty curriculum dispute, they ordered Dickinson's temporary closure a second time.〔(), Retrieved 2009-10-08.〕 The law school dates to 1833. It became a separate school 1890, although the Law School and the College continued to share a president until 1912. The Law School is now affiliated with The Pennsylvania State University.〔 Among the 18th-century graduates of Dickinson were Robert Cooper Grier and Roger Brooke Taney, who later became U.S. Supreme Court justices, serving together on the Court for 18 years. During the 19th century, two noted Dickinson College alumni had prominent roles in the years leading up to the Civil War. They were James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, and Roger Brooke Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. Taney led the Supreme Court in its ruling on the ''Dred Scott v. Sandford'' decision, which held that Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories, overturning the Missouri Compromise. Buchanan threw the full prestige of his administration behind congressional approval of the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas. During the Civil War, the campus and the town of Carlisle were twice occupied by Confederate forces in 1863.〔("1851-1900 Timeline" ), Chronicles, Dickinson University, Retrieved 2009-10-08〕 When George Metzger, class of 1798, died in 1879, he left his land and $25,000 to the town of Carlisle to found a college for women. In 1881, the Metzger Institute opened to serve young ladies. The college operated independently until 1913, when its building was leased to Dickinson College for the education of women. The building served as a women's dorm until 1963.〔("Metger Hall" ), ''Chronicles'', Dickinson University, Retrieved 2009-10-08/〕 Henry Clarke, an alumnus who developed the Klondike bar into a national brand for an ice cream bar, founded the Clarke Forum for Contemporary Issues at Dickinson College. The town of Carlisle was also the location of the Carlisle Army Barracks, which was adapted in the late 1870s for use as the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. In 1879 Dickinson College and the nearby Carlisle Indian School began a collaboration, when Dr. James Andrew McCauley, President of the college, led the first worship service at the Indian School. The collaboration between the institutions lasted almost four decades, from the opening day to the closing of the Indian School in 1918. Dickinson College professors served as chaplains and special faculty to the Native American students.〔Professor Charles Francis Himes, Dr. George Edward Reed, Stephen Baird, and Joshua Lippincott fostered the relationship between the institutions through religious services, advisory meetings, lectures, and commencement speeches. http://wiki.dickinson.edu/index.php?title=Influence_from_the_Faculty_at_Dickinson&action=edit〕 Dickinson College students volunteered services, observed teaching methods, and participated in events at the Indian School.〔Dickinson students visited the Indian School to offer their talents and services. The October 24, 1896 ''Dickinsonian'' reported that volunteer Sunday School teachers came from the college chapter of the YMCA. Those teachers with Indian students were said to “enjoy a rare privilege. The work is doubly interesting because one can be studying the characteristics of his scholars, at the same time learning many valuable lessons in methods of teaching.” The college gave Dickinson students a half-day holiday to attend the annual commencement and “very interesting exercises” at the Indian School.〕 Dickinson College accepted select Indian School students to attend its Preparatory School ("Conway Hall") and gain college-level education.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Conway Hall - Dickinson College Wiki )〕 Dickinson also admitted Native American students directly: Thomas Marshall was one of the first such students at Dickinson. In 1910 Frank Mount Pleasant was the first Native American to graduate from Dickinson College. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dickinson College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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