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Contraceptive trials in Puerto Rico
The first large-scale human trial of the birth control pill was carried out in Puerto Rico in the 1950s. "The Pill" had been conceptualized as early as 1912 by Margaret Sanger.〔http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/sfeature/sf_history_pill.htm〕 Before female combined oral contraceptives. Between conceptualization and legalization of the first birth control drug in the United States in 1960, there were many developments and trials of test drugs. One such trial happened in Puerto Rico in the 1950s. Before the drug was approved as safe in the U.S., many Puerto Rican women were tested on.〔http://jhmas.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2/117.full.pdf/〕 The trials were conducted by Gregory Pincus and John Rock in 1955. These trials are a major component in the history of the development of female oral contraceptives, in between initial small trial testing on the east coast and the release of the drug for public consumption.
== American testing surrounding the Puerto Rico trials ==
The first human trial of the female oral contraceptive was conducted by Gregory Pincus and John Rock in Massachusetts on a test group of 50 women. The trial was described as a fertility study to avoid state legal interruption of the trial. Massachusetts at the time had strong legislation against birth control. In the 1950s in Massachusetts it was a felony to "exhibit, sell, prescribe, provide, or give out information" on birth control.〔〔http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/timeline/index.html〕 Rather than distributing birth control, women were receiving hysterectomies to avoid continuing to get pregnant and have birth.〔http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/filmmore/pt.html〕 Pincus and Rock felt confident that the combined oral contraceptive pill they had developed was ready for consumers in the United States. Once the Food and Drug Administration approved, the drug could potentially be released in the U.S., but they could not get the approval of the FDA without a larger clinical trial. In 1955 they developed a larger clinical trial of the drug, and tested it on women in Puerto Rico. The pharmaceutical company G. D. Searle & Company created the pills for the trial.
After the trials in Puerto Rico, the drug was approved in the U.S. in 1957 for consumer use as a medication to treat severe menstrual side-effects. The drug was approved as a female oral contraceptive, the first in the U.S., in May 1960. G.D. Searle and company profited greatly from widespread sales of the product, although the company was initially extremely hesitant to be associated with the trials in any way.〔http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/filmmore/ps_pincus.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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