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Cameralism
Cameralism ((ドイツ語:Kameralwissenschaft)) was a German science of administration. According to Lindenfeld, it was divided into three: public finance, ''Oeconomie'' and ''Polizei''.〔Lindenfeld, pp. 14–18〕 Here ''Oeconomie'' did not mean exactly 'economics', nor ''Polizei'' 'public policy' in the modern senses. Cameralism was the German counterpart of the French mercantilism of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, and developed also in the 18th century.
In its origins, it was an educational path for the civil servants of the royal chamber, hence its name. The administrator of the royal finances was called ''camerarius''. Cameralism is a predecessor of the modern science of public administration.
==The case of Prussia==
The first academic chairs in the cameral sciences were established at the Prussian universities of Halle and Frankfurt an der Oder in 1727. Cameralism has often been viewed as the science of government, dedicated to reforming society and promoting economic development in the lands of 18th-century Germany (Holy Roman Empire). According to the published teachings of cameralist academics, the state should not focus on maintaining the law and promoting collective prosperity. Its stated objective was to mobilize the resources of land and population in service of the common good. There is, however, considerable debate about whether cameralist policy reflected the stated goals of academic cameralism.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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