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Californiconus : ウィキペディア英語版
Californiconus

''Californiconus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The experts at WoRMS place this group of species in the family Conidae, the cone snails, but some other experts placed previously the genus in a proposed family, the Conilithidae. This is a monotypic genus.
Use of this genus in the binomial name of this species was, until 2015, treated by the experts at WoRMS as an "alternative representation" of the species. (When the "alternative representation" was not used, this species was still placed in the Linnaean genus ''Conus''.)
In 2015 Puillandre ''et al.'' placed ''Conus californicus'' as the sole member of its own genus as ''Californiconus californicus'' 〔 (Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). ''One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails.'' Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23 ) 〕 This species has always been considered a species with unique characteristics within ''Conidae'', because it shows diverging molecular (including toxicological) and morphological characteristics. Its generalist diet includes fish, other molluscs and worms, contrary to what is the case in other cone snail species, which have more specialized diets. 〔 Elliger, C.A., Richmond, T.A., Lebaric, Z.N., Pierce, N.T., Sweedler, J.V. & Gilly, W.F. 2011. ''Diversity of conotoxin types from Conus californicus reflects a diversity of prey types and a novel evolutionary history''.Toxicon,57: 311– 322 〕 〔 Kohn, A.J. 1966. ''Food specialization in Conus in Hawaii and California''.Ecology,47: 1041– 1043 〕
==Distinguishing characteristics==
The Tucker & Tenorio taxonomy distinguishes ''Californiconus'' from ''Conus'' in the following ways:〔Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp.〕
* Genus ''Conus'' ''sensu stricto'' Linnaeus, 1758
:: Shell characters (living and fossil species)
:::The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth periostracum and a small operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the protoconch is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars.
::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)
:::The radula has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur.
::Geographical distribution
:::These species are found in the Indo-Pacific region.
::Feeding habits
:::These species eat other gastropods, including cones.〔
* Genus ''Californiconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
::Shell characters (living and fossil species)
:::The protoconch is multispiral, the shell is turgid in profile, short, squat and rounded. The shell may be sculpted with spiral lines, but can be relatively smooth. The anterior notch is slight or absent, and the anal notch is shallow. The periostracum is smooth, and the operculum is large.
::Radular tooth (not known for fossils)
:::The radular tooth is unique in that it has no basal spur, and the radula has five barbs: three barbs on the underside of the tooth, and two barbs on the topside, with one located near the blade, and the other near the shaft. A blunt shaft fold is located just posterior to the waist. The radular tooth does not have an accessory process.
::Geographical distribution
:::There is one species in this genus, and it is found only in the Eastern-Pacific region.
::Feeding habits
:::These cones are generalists. They are: molluscivorous (they prey on gastropods and bivalves); vermivorous (they prey on polychaete marine worms); and piscivorous (the also prey on fish).〔〔Duda, T.F., Jr., Kohn, A.J., & Palumbi, S.R. (2001) ''Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus, a genus of venomous marine gastropods.'' Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 73:391-409.〕〔Stewart, J. & Gilly, W.F. (2005) ''Piscivorous behavior of a temperate cone smail, Conus californicus.'' The Biological Bulletin 209:146-153.〕

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