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Braconidae
The Braconidae is a large family of parasitoid wasps. There are approximately 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed.〔Jones, O. R., et al. (2009). (Using taxonomic revision data to estimate the geographic and taxonomic distribution of undescribed species richness in the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). ) ''Insect Conservation and Diversity'' 2(3), 204-12.〕 One analysis estimated a total between about 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species.〔 As of 2013, the species are grouped into 47 subfamilies and over 1,000 genera,〔Beyarslan, A. and M. Aydogdu. (2013). (Additions to the rare species of Braconidae fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Turkey. ) ''Mun Ent Zool'' 8(1) 369-74.〕 which include ''Ademon'', ''Aphanta'', ''Asobara'', ''Bracon'', ''Cenocoelius'', ''Chaenusa'', ''Chorebidea'', ''Chorebidella'', ''Chorebus'', ''Cotesia'', ''Dacnusa'', ''Kollasmosoma'', ''Microgaster'', ''Opius'', ''Parapanteles'', ''Phaenocarpa'', and ''Psenobolus''.
==Morphology==
The morphological variation among braconids is notable. They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. They have one or no recurrent veins, unlike other members of the Ichneumonoidea, which usually have two. Wing venation patterns are also divergent to apparent randomness. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments.
Females often have long ovipositors, an organ that largely varies intraspecifically. This variation is closely related to the host species upon which the wasp deposits its egg. Species that parasitize microlepidopterans, for instance, have longer ovipositors, presumably to reach the caterpillar through layers of plant tissue. Some wasps also have long ovipositors because of caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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