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Astronomia
The ''Astronomia'' (, "Astronomy") or ''Astrologia'' (, also "Astronomy") is a fragmentary Ancient Greek hexameter poem that was attributed to Hesiod during antiquity. As the title of the poem suggests, it was astronomical in focus, dealing with the stars.〔.〕 It has been suspected that the ''Astronomia'' influenced the style of Aratus' ''Phaenomena'', but the remains of the Hesiodic poem found in ancient quotations are too meager to allow for certainty on this matter.〔.〕
==Title and authorship==
While it is uncertain whether the work ought to be called the ''Astronomia'' or ''Astrologia'',〔.〕 either title would translate into English as "astronomy".〔Liddel, H.G. & Scott, R. ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', 9th ed. (Oxford, 1940), s.v. () and ().〕 Athenaeus, who preserves three verbatim fragments of the poem, calls it the ''Astronomia'', as does George Hamartolos (9th century CE).〔Athenaeus, ''Deipnosophistae'' 11.80.491c–d; George Hamartolos, ''Chronicle'' 1.10.〕 Plutarch and Pliny the Elder, on the other hand, give ''Astrologia''.〔Plutarch, ''On Pythian Oracles'' 18.402f; Pliny, ''Natural History'' 18.213. Latin usage of ''astrologia'' parallels that of Greek in that only later did it connote exclusively something resembling modern astrology; cf. C.T. Lewis & C. Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'' (Oxford, 1879), s.v. ''(astrologia )''.〕 The 12th century CE poet and scholar Tzetzes struck his own course, preferring a periphrasis: (''biblos astrikē''), "starry book".〔Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' 12.167 and in his notes on ''Works and Days'' 384 = ''Astronomia'' fr. 291.〕
All these sources do agree on one point: there survives from antiquity no expression of doubt as to whether Hesiod wrote the ''Astronomia''. Scholars of the 19th century, however, argued against Hesiodic authorship, going so far as to assign the poem to the Hellenistic Period following the work of Eudoxus.〔 Whether the transmitted fragments can be considered archaic or not, their small number and uninformative context leave open the possibility that they belonged to an expanded version of the ''Works and Days'',〔.〕 for the fragments' contents—the paths of the stars and their significance—betray a similarity to the astronomical advice in that poem that is, in the opinion of one modern scholar, "obvious."〔.〕
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